The history of Salamis is such a long one, and so full of major events, that for the present purpose it is best reduced to the barest detail. This should help in relating the remains which are found scattered over a very large site.
B.C.
c. 1180 According to legend, which has been substantiated by recent discoveries, the city of Salamis was founded by Teucer, son of the king of Salamis on the Greek mainland, after his return from the Trojan War.
707 The king of Salamis submitted to the Assyrians.
668 An Assyrian clay tablet is believed to refer to tribute paid
to Assur-bani-pal by the king of Salamis.
560-25 King Evelthon, mentioned by Herodotus, is the first named king of Salamis.
411-374 Independence from Persian rule was obtained for almost the whole island by the great patriot king, Evagoras. The powerful city of Kitium (Larnaca), which had remained on the Persian side, was reduced with the help of an Athenian fleet in 387 B.C. There followed a period of offensives and counter-offensives between Evagoras and the Persians. By the time Evagoras was assassinated in 374 B.C. he had accepted terms limiting his rule to Salamis alone.
332 King Pnytagoras transferred allegiance to Alexander the
Great, and by assisting him at the Battle of Tyre put an
end to Persian domination. He was given Tamassos as a
reward.
323 The death of Alexander led to a struggle for power
between Ptolemy, king of Egypt, and Antigonus, ruler of
Syria.
310 The royal house of Salamis came to an end with the
suicide of Nicocreon, the military ruler of the island who
had been appointed by Ptolemy.
284 Cyprus was abandoned to Ptolemy after the capture of
Athens. Salamis was superseded by Paphos as the chief
city of the island.
58 Cyprus was proclaimed a Roman colony. Public works
and a programme of major rebuilding began at Salamis.
A.D.
45-6 The Christian community was founded by Paul and
Barnabas.
c. 76 Devastation by earthquake.
116-17 Great Jewish insurrection.
332, 342 Earthquakes, followed by a tidal wave. The great damage resulted in the city having to be rebuilt on a smaller scale under the Emperor Constantine II, and renamed Constantia.
368-403 Constantia took from Paphos the title of Metropolis of the island, under St Epiphanies, bishop of Salamis and Constantia.
647 Saracen raids spread over a period of years brought
siege, sacking and massacre to the city. It was rebuilt and
refortified, but had to be abandoned after further devasta
tion by raiders and earthquake, and because the harbour
had become silted up and unusable. Famagusta became
the chief town of the region. Not only did it take over the
power of Constantia, but many of her stones, using her as
though her only importance was as a convenient quarry
on the doorstep of the new town.
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